The Relational model history and its language

A Relational Database Management system is one of the data processing systems we use daily. The Relational Database Management System itself has a system that enables the user to create, maintain, and control access to the database. But before that, let’s understand what a relational database is. So a relational database is a collection of data that has a predefined relationship with each other. In the relation database, all data have structured relations; each relation has a name, and its called attributes (Columns) of data. And usually, a collection of data types are organized and collected in a table in columns and tables. The column displays the data type of certain data, and the row itself shows the data type’s value. And each row contains one of the attributes. And the domain itself is distinct for each attribute.

So the relational model was first proposed by E.F Codd in his seminar paper “ A relational model of data for large shared data banks” E.F Codd saw how messy the data are that are not coherent, so some of the data is inconsistent and troublesome to the bank. The first project conducted at IBM San Jose Research laboratory in California is a Relational prototype database, or what we now call DBMS (Database Management system). This project was designed to prove the practicality of relational models. E.F. Codd says that relational models exist because they have a goal. So the first one to allow a high degree of data to become independent takes an example as when we use an application. Sometimes when we use an application to sign in, we fulfill the data with our identity, so when we log out, or errors. This data is already saved on the system. Second to Provide Substantial Grounds for dealing with data semantics, consistency, and redundancy programs. And last one is to expand set orientation data manipulation languages. The outcome is unbelievable from the relational database model that E.F. Codd developed. The relational database he creates provides much information, such as transaction management, concurrency control, recovery technique, and query optimization. Data security and integrity. Which led to many developments in other prototypes;

– The structured query language ( SQL) became a formal international organization for standardization ( ISO) and de facto language for relational model ( DBMS)

So How does SQL work? Since SQL itself is a language program so the user has to create a database and relation structure, perform basic data management tasks, and can perform both simple and complex queries. And the language must be portable and recognized as the standard of DBMS.

Relational Database Model is the most popular and widely implemented in various database applications today, including Oracle and MySQL. Database applications for the relational model, also known as the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), is an application software that uses the relational database model as its basis.

A relational database stores data in a table. Each table consists of records and attributes. The order in which the physical storage media is organized isn’t connected with this model, and a unique field identifies each record in a table. Thus, Relational Database Model is the most popular and widely implemented in various database applications today, for example, Oracle and MySQL.

In the meantime, Dr. Codd suggested the idea of a relational model in a paper titled “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Databases” in the 70s. This relational database model comes from 2 branches of mathematics: a set of theories and first-order predicate logic. Since the 1970s, RDBMS has been widely used by vendors and various hardware systems. The first two RDBMS were System R, developed by IBM, and INGRES (Interactive Graphics Retrieval System), developed by the University of California at Berkeley. Both were in the 1970s.

After the advantages of databases became widely recognized, companies began to move from hierarchical and network database models to a relational database models. In the 1980s, Oracle RDBMS was invented and was followed by its competitor, IBM DB2 RDBMS.

With increasingly advanced technological developments on the hardware side, PC-based RDBMS are widely available for everyone. MySQL RDBMS can be installed on a regular computer/PC. And SQL is still widely used by many companies because SQL itself is included in a programming language that is easy to understand and use. as well as SQL itself is very helpful for managing existing data in a database. Because in SQL itself, there are features to insert, update, and delete. And in SQL itself, there are three main features, namely the first DDL (Data Definition Language), which in this command functions to add new databases, new tables, edit databases or tables, or delete tables or databases.

For the second function, there is such a thing as DML or Data Manipulation Language, which functions to fill, modify, or delete data in an existing table. And for the example code of DML.

For the third function, such a thing as DCL or Data Control Language gives access to additional admins. And Keep in mind that all the features already mentioned are very easy to use. So, all the functions provided by SQL will make it easier for people who manage databases to create, update, and delete. That’s why SQL is still used for relational databases because apart from functions, there are also databases formed into tables.

In short, SQL is a programming language for accessing data stored in corporate databases. Even though it’s been used for decades, this programming language has not died and has instead developed into a widely accessible programming language available for everyone, everywhere and anytime.

Database, Relational Database, DBMS, SQL

Reference:

https://aws.amazon.com/id/relational-database/ https://lp2m.uma.ac.id/2022/04/26/mengenal-bahasa-sql-definisi-jenis-dan-fungsinya/

https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5804-what-is-sql.html

Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg (2015). Database Systems: A Practical Approach To Design, Implementation, and Management. USA: Pearson Education.